Rinse the rice until the water runs mostly clear.
Drain very well and let it air-dry for a few minutes (important for good browning).
Heat 2 tbsp oil over medium heat.
Add finely chopped onion + pinch of salt. Cook 3–4 minutes, until soft and translucent.
Push the onion to the edges of the pot, leaving the center exposed. Add a tablespoon of butter to the center.
Add the rinsed, well-dried rice directly into the center.
Increase heat slightly to medium–medium high. Stir the rice in the center only for 2–3 minutes until lightly golden and nutty.
Once toasted, mix the rice with the onion.
Lower heat to medium.. Add garlic, turmeric and cumin if used.
Stir 20–30 seconds only, just until fragrant.
Add the hot stock, salt, and pepper. Stir once.
Bring to a gentle boil, cover, reduce heat to low, and cook 15 minutes.
Turn off heat and let the rice sit, covered, for 5 minutes.
Fluff with a fork.
Add herbs, lemon peel (remove before serving), or extras if using.